Judul : Causes And Management Of Adhd In Children
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Causes And Management Of Adhd In Children
ADHD is an abbreviation used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This is a mental disorder classified under neurodevelopment. This problem causes patients to experience problems with paying attention, controlling behavior, and they engage in excessive activity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most diagnosed mental disorder diagnosed in children, even though the cause is always never found in most of the cases. ADHD in children continues to be a problem, affecting millions of children globally.
In order for a child to be diagnosed with this condition, symptoms must prevail for a period of more than six months. The symptoms must also be a source of inability to function in at least to settings. Common settings in which patients have trouble functioning are social, work, school, and home. One must also have attained the criteria for diagnosis before reaching the age of twelve years.
ADHD comes with many observable symptoms. In most cases, symptoms occur together simultaneously. Common symptoms include forgetfulness, being easily distracted, switching activities often, and missing details. Patients cannot maintain focus on one task because they get bored easily. They find it very hard to follow instruction and to understand minor details. Children often seem confused, and they daydream and move slowly.
In about two thirds of the time, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder occurs together with other conditions. Some of the associated conditions include learning disability, Tourette syndrome, oppositional defiant disorder, primary disorder of vigilance, mood disorder, and anxiety disorder. Others include obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorder, restless legs syndrome, and sleep disorder.
Other disorders that this condition has been linked with include language delay, persistent bed wetting, and developmental coordination disorder. Many disorders are consisted in language delays including hardship following instructions, hardship in listening in distracting environments, short term hearing memory weakness, and slow processing of spoken messages. Diagnosis is often made difficult because it is hard to tell when the level of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention is out of the normal range. That makes most diagnoses to be made rather late in life.
Low intelligence quotient has often been linked to attention deficient hyperactivity disorder. IQ score of patients are usually very low. The cause of the low IQ scores has drawn controversy among researchers. It is argued that the cause of low IQ scores could be distractibility as opposed to intellectual inability. Further research is in progress to reach a consensus about the significance of the link between attention deficient hyperactivity disorder and low IQ.
There are three main subtypes of ADHD, that is, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and the type that combines the first two. The main cause of this condition is often unknown in most cases. However, interactions between environmental and genetic factors are believed to be strong causes. Infection and brain trauma have also been associated with the condition.
Attention deficient hyperactivity disorder cannot be treated, but rather is managed. Management typically involves medications or counseling or a combination of the two. Medications may cause some improvement in the long-term, but they do not eliminate negative outcomes completely. Some examples of medications used include stimulants, antidepressants, atomoxetine, and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists.
In order for a child to be diagnosed with this condition, symptoms must prevail for a period of more than six months. The symptoms must also be a source of inability to function in at least to settings. Common settings in which patients have trouble functioning are social, work, school, and home. One must also have attained the criteria for diagnosis before reaching the age of twelve years.
ADHD comes with many observable symptoms. In most cases, symptoms occur together simultaneously. Common symptoms include forgetfulness, being easily distracted, switching activities often, and missing details. Patients cannot maintain focus on one task because they get bored easily. They find it very hard to follow instruction and to understand minor details. Children often seem confused, and they daydream and move slowly.
In about two thirds of the time, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder occurs together with other conditions. Some of the associated conditions include learning disability, Tourette syndrome, oppositional defiant disorder, primary disorder of vigilance, mood disorder, and anxiety disorder. Others include obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorder, restless legs syndrome, and sleep disorder.
Other disorders that this condition has been linked with include language delay, persistent bed wetting, and developmental coordination disorder. Many disorders are consisted in language delays including hardship following instructions, hardship in listening in distracting environments, short term hearing memory weakness, and slow processing of spoken messages. Diagnosis is often made difficult because it is hard to tell when the level of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention is out of the normal range. That makes most diagnoses to be made rather late in life.
Low intelligence quotient has often been linked to attention deficient hyperactivity disorder. IQ score of patients are usually very low. The cause of the low IQ scores has drawn controversy among researchers. It is argued that the cause of low IQ scores could be distractibility as opposed to intellectual inability. Further research is in progress to reach a consensus about the significance of the link between attention deficient hyperactivity disorder and low IQ.
There are three main subtypes of ADHD, that is, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and the type that combines the first two. The main cause of this condition is often unknown in most cases. However, interactions between environmental and genetic factors are believed to be strong causes. Infection and brain trauma have also been associated with the condition.
Attention deficient hyperactivity disorder cannot be treated, but rather is managed. Management typically involves medications or counseling or a combination of the two. Medications may cause some improvement in the long-term, but they do not eliminate negative outcomes completely. Some examples of medications used include stimulants, antidepressants, atomoxetine, and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists.
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